Dengue Fever Essay

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Although there be still no approved vaccine or special(prenominal) antiviral drug for dandy fever fever fever fever, some clinical developments have been implemented and a vaccine whitethorn be uncommitted in the near future.(2) Introduction dandy fever fever fever is a mosquito-borne dise ase flummoxd by a virus known as dengue virus. This virus continues to infect the humans race and is a growing health problem in the tropic and subtropic argonas, hitherto with our current state of go on technology and medical c argon. dengue fever virus is from the family Flaviviridae and the genus Flavivirus. (3) It is a vector borne disease that occurs through the seize with teeth of an infected Aedes mosquito. The virus has 5 disaccordent references (DENV) 1, 2 3, 4, and 5. in one case infected with the virus, symptoms include a sharp last fever, measle-like rash all everywhere the tree trunk, headache, and muscle and stick pain. In abject cases, the disease croup develop into life- threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. Although there are methods of prevention of this disease, the cause infecting the human torso still results in much cases of this drain disease, probably callable to urbanization increase the habitat of genus Aedes aeg ypti. (4) Currently, there is no active vaccine for this virus. However, researchers have found a targetdidate for a dengue vaccine that tames the overall venture of dengue infection by 60% and may be available by advanced 2015. (2)Read more thanSpeech on breakbone fever FeverHistoryThe big history of dengue fever and aedes aegypti can date back many thousands of years ago. The earliest known records of dengue fever-like condition was found in the Chinese Medical Encyclopedia in 265-420 AD. (5) The virus aedes aegypti, spread out of Africa in the 15th to 19th centuries. There had been conveyed eruptions of dengue fever- like symptoms since1635 in the West Indies, but it was not until 1779, when it was sustain for the start-off date that dengue fever epidemic occurred in Asia, North America, and Africa almost all at once. (6) Since accordingly, dengue epidemics have been sporadic. By 1907, it was confirmed that the Aedes mosquitos were infectious, and dengue fever was caus ed by a virus. (6) Outbreaks of dengue fever became more common in 1953, when an epidemic of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever first occurred in Philippines.Dengue fever epidemic first started out in Southeast Asia and spread into surrounding subtropical and tropical countries and continues to spread, even further out. Outbreaks in the Americas were disused due to the vector-control efforts in destroying the aedes aegypti mosquitos habitat. However, when they put a stop to destroying the dengue virus mosquitos in the 1970s, the mosquitoes repopulated most of the countries and by the 1990s, had expanded its habitation. Furthermore, a virus that was once thought to be confined to Southeast Asia, has had sporadic outbreaks with local transmission in the United States in the southern states such as Florida, Hawaii, and Texas. (7) Additionally, the dengue virus which had 4 types initially, now has a fifth serotype, which was discovered in 2013.(8) genetic scienceDengue virus is a circumstantia l virus that carries a single positive-strand of ribonucleic acid as its genome within an envelope. It has about 11,000 home bases that translates ten proteins three of these are morphologic proteins that approach pattern the coat of the virus and send out the RNA to target cells and seven ofthem are nonstructural proteins that coordinate the production of crude viruses once the virus gets inside the cell. These proteins form a protective outer tier that controls the entry of the virus into human cells.(9) Dengue fever virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family and the genus Flavivirus. There are five types of this virus, called serotypes. The first four are known as DENV -1, -2, -3, and -4. And the fifth type was discovered in 2013. Although the serotypes may differ from one another, they have similar clinical manifestations. (10)PathogenesisDengue fever virus can be transmitted in the dust by a single bite from an aedes aegypti mosquito. Humans are the firsthand host in the virus, but it can also circulate in unhuman primates. When an aedes aegypti mosquito bites a person, the virus penetrates into the flake off along with the mosquitos saliva. The virus binds and enters white blood cells, and replicates inside the cells. When the dengue virus is injected into the skin, the dengue virus binds onto the epidermis and dermis, which results in an infection of dendritic cells. The infected cells then move to the closest lymph node, while the dengue virus genome is translated in the endoplasmic reticulum, and replicates the viral RNA.The ripen viruses of the infected cells are released by exocytosis. They are then able to enter other white blood cells, such as monocytes and macrophages.(12) The white blood cells send out a signal, and respond by producing cytokines and interferons, which are responsible for the fever, the flu-like symptoms. Sometimes our bodies can gain too much of the virus, and can cause stark(a) infection and can cause organ damage. Fluid from the bloodstream leaks into body cavities. And as a result, there isnt enough blood to tot to merry organs. Furthermore, infection of the stromal cells leads to risk of bleeding.Clinical ManifestationsUsually, most people with infected dengue virus are asymptomatic with mild fever symptoms. Some have severe illnesses, and in a small percentage, it can be fatal. The incubation period is ordinarily 4 to 7 days, but can field from 3 to14 days. Common characteristics of dengue fever include a sudden fever, retoorbital pain, joint and muscle pain breakbone fever and ameasle-like rash all over the body. The symptoms of dengue fever occur in 3 contour angles febrile, critical, and recovery. The febrile phase includes a high-pitched fever over 104 degrees Fahrenheit, a headache, nausea, and reason weakness that lasts 2-7 days. Also, a rash and mild bleeding in the mucous membranes. aft(prenominal) the fever resolves, the disease continues onto the critical phase. This phas e includes leakage of plasma from the blood vessels and usually lasts for 2 days. This can lead to roving collection of the chest and abdominal cavities as well as a high loss of fluids and reduced blood supply to vital organs. Extreme blood depletion puts one at a high risk of of developing dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock. Although the critical phase is rare, it is more common in kids than adults. The recovery phase is the last phase of the dengue symptoms. resorption of leaked fluids are returned into the blood stream. Also with symptoms of severe itching and a decreased burden rate. Fluidoverload can occur in this stage, modify the brain, which can cause seizures and/ or a altered level of consciousness.ConclusionAs dengue fever cases grow in numbers, we cannot help but wonder if and when an outbreak will occur due to the immature found studies of a fifth type of aedes aegyoti virus. The mosquito-borne tropical virus, has evolved out of its inauguration and is cont inuing to spread to more countries. Dengue fever is being seen more in those who travel around the world. Although this disease is deadly, it is rare and people should fully recover from these weaken symptoms. There is no particular give-and-take for this disease. Treatment depends on dengue symptoms. Currently, researchers are working on a dengue fever vaccine that can reduce the risk up to 60 percent, which is conjectural to be introduced and ready in 2015.